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Table 5 Mixed logit model estimation

From: Effect of pecuniary costs and time costs on choice of healthcare providers among caregivers of febrile children in rural Papua New Guinea

 

Model 1

Model 2

Health center

Aid post

VHV

Health center

Aid post

VHV

Pecuniary costs

−0.269***

−0.269***

−0.269***

   

(0.079)

(0.079)

(0.079)

   

Time costs

   

− 0.105***

− 0.105***

− 0.105***

   

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.024)

Total cost

 Illness severity

1.205***

0.775*

0.815***

1.224***

0.840**

0.875***

(0.352)

(0.415)

(0.240)

(0.331)

(0.416)

(0.243)

 Age

−0.037

−0.057

0.022

− 0.063

− 0.067

0.033

(0.043)

(0.054)

(0.029)

(0.040)

(0.054)

(0.029)

 Male

0.301

−0.593

−0.700***

0.177

−0.531

−0.759***

(0.351)

(0.397)

(0.235)

(0.321)

(0.395)

(0.237)

 Caregiver’s education

−0.026

0.107

0.035

−0.033

0.125*

0.052

(0.064)

(0.075)

(0.042)

(0.059)

(0.075)

(0.042)

 Western medicine

0.064

−0.699

0.032

0.019

−0.742*

−0.020

(0.354)

(0.427)

(0.239)

(0.320)

(0.424)

(0.240)

 Asset index

0.240*

−0.223

−0.049

0.187

−0.199

−0.066

(0.141)

(0.195)

(0.087)

(0.118)

(0.203)

(0.088)

 Household size

−0.076

− 0.188**

−0.012

−0.086

−0.169*

0.000

(0.069)

(0.091)

(0.045)

(0.061)

(0.091)

(0.046)

 Constant

0.354

0.559

−0.465

1.802**

1.801*

−0.261

(0.812)

(0.936)

(0.519)

(0.858)

(0.986)

(0.535)

Random component

 Pecuniary costs

0.150

0.150

0.150

   

(0.061)

(0.061)

(0.061)

   

 Time costs

   

0.016

0.016

0.016

    

(0.049)

(0.049)

(0.049)

Total cost

 N

439

  

439

  

 Log likelihood

− 451.463

  

− 446.677

  

 AIC

954.926

  

945.355

  

 Pseudo R2

0.082

  

0.091

  
 

Model 3

  

Model 4

  

Health center

Aid post

VHV

Health center

Aid post

VHV

Pecuniary costs

−0.207**

−0.207**

−0.207**

   

(0.092)

(0.092)

(0.092)

   

Time costs

−0.091***

−0.091***

−0.091***

   

(0.023)

(0.023)

(0.023)

   

Total cost

   

−0.097***

−0.097***

−0.097***

   

(0.025)

(0.025)

(0.025)

Illness severity

1.375***

0.837**

0.845***

1.338***

0.851**

0.880***

(0.372)

(0.423)

(0.242)

(0.370)

(0.430)

(0.244)

Age

0.242

−0.580

−0.755***

0.245

−0.596

−0.753***

(0.367)

(0.404)

(0.238)

(0.356)

(0.408)

(0.239)

Male

−0.050

−0.076

0.031

− 0.061

−0.066

0.031

(0.045)

(0.056)

(0.029)

(0.043)

(0.056)

(0.029)

Caregiver’s education

−0.057

0.130*

0.046

−0.037

0.123

0.049

(0.068)

(0.078)

(0.042)

(0.066)

(0.078)

(0.042)

Western medicine

0.075

−0.818*

−0.033

0.023

−0.754*

−0.027

(0.369)

(0.436)

(0.242)

(0.355)

(0.438)

(0.243)

Asset index

0.262*

−0.240

− 0.058

0.247*

−0.207

−0.063

(0.149)

(0.206)

(0.087)

(0.139)

(0.206)

(0.088)

Household size

− 0.078

−0.176*

−0.001

−0.087

−0.179*

−0.002

(0.072)

(0.092)

(0.046)

(0.068)

(0.093)

(0.047)

Constant

2.132**

1.984*

−0.190

1.926**

1.890*

−0.206

(0.966)

(1.025)

(0.532)

(0.934)

(1.052)

(0.542)

Random component

 Pecuniary costs

0.181

0.181

0.181

   

(0.070)

(0.070)

(0.070)

   

 Time costs

0.000

0.000

0.000

   

(0.060)

(0.060)

(0.060)

   

 Total cost

   

0.033

0.033

0.033

   

(0.021)

(0.021)

(0.021)

 N

439

  

439

  

 Log likelihood

− 442.545

  

− 444.710

  

 AIC

941.089

  

941.421

  

 Pseudo R2

0.100

  

0.095

  
  1. VHV village health volunteer
  2. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1