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Table 3 Adjusted DiDa estimates for the effect of coverage change on healthcare consumption in euros and quantity according to the years considered for comparison before and after the change

From: Healthcare consumption after a change in health insurance coverage: a French quasi-natural experiment

Insurance benefits

T0b

T1c

T2d

T3e

T4f

DiD

p

DiD

p

DiD

p

DiD

p

DiD

p

In euros

 Visits to GPs

−5.2

.468

−7.0

.355

4.3

.580

−12.5

.090

−.9

.906

 Visits to specialists

10.9

.607

−16.9

.419

1.4

.944

−6.7

.743

10.9

.578

 Pharmacy

−9.8

.697

.4

.989

18.2

.565

−9.1

.749

9.7

.748

 Biological analyses

−1.7

.817

34.9

.011

13.4

.238

33.2

.012

11.2

.293

 Paramedics

21.7

.562

24.8

.449

35.5

.260

48.6

.130

58.0

.059

 Medical acts

22.8

.168

14.5

.470

−19.9

.298

38.9

.037

3.4

.846

 Dental careg

15.2

.026

−8.6

.251

−20.3

.003

6.8

.306

−4.8

.413

 Dental prostheses

76.0

.080

320.9

<.001

20.5

.723

399.2

<.001

99.0

.071

 Vision

−8.4

.501

52.9

<.001

21.2

.148

45.3

.001

13.8

.285

 Hospital

19.2

.803

−67.6

.446

−48.5

.624

−44.5

.578

−27.8

.752

 Total

121.5

.306

406.9

.005

143.4

.328

536.8

<.001

272.0

.046

In quantity

 Visits to GPs

−.3

.342

−.2

.464

.2

.418

−.5

.090

−.1

.943

 Visits to specialists

.3

.581

−.3

.596

.1

.855

−.1

.998

.3

.474

 Pharmacy

−1.6

.530

.9

.747

1.6

.609

−.5

.871

.4

.897

 Biological analyses

−.6

.413

.5

.574

1.1

.191

−.1

.827

.5

.450

 Paramedics

2.4

.593

2.0

.618

2.9

.427

4.6

.239

5.4

.136

 Medical acts

.4

.116

−.1

.962

−.7

.022

.4

.152

−.3

.336

 Dental careg

.3

.096

−.1

.652

−.3

.090

.2

.240

−.1

.919

 Dental prostheses

.2

.071

.4

<.001

−.1

.628

.6

<.001

.1

.238

 Vision

−.1

.419

.3

.004

.2

.082

.3

.014

.1

.233

 Hospital

.9

.359

−1.5

.200

−1.7

.191

−.5

.643

−.7

.560

 Total

.7

.909

2.9

.635

4.3

.472

4.0

.505

5.4

.357

  1. aEstimates were adjusted for all covariates listed in Table 2 except any dependent spouse; b T0: before = 2 years prior, after = 1 year prior; c T1: before = 1 year prior, after = 1 year after; d T2: before = 1 year prior, after = 2 years after; e T3: before = 2 years prior, after = 1 year after; f T4: before = 2 years prior, after = 2 years after; g Including dental consultations. A p-value less than 0.05 (in bold) indicates a significant effect. DiD: difference-in-differences. The monthly premium depends on the level of coverage that was subscribed to and the insuree’s age; the price starts at 27 € for BC and 33 € for EC [35]