Table 1 Baseline patient demographics, symptoms, findings, and fatality by COVID-19 severity
Demographics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of cases | 1056 | |||
Sex | ||||
Male | 582 | |||
Female | 474 | |||
Ratio M:F | 1.2:1.0 | |||
Age of patients - mean years | 56.6 | |||
Range (years) | 16–98 | |||
COVID-19 Severity | Pre-symptomatic /Mild n (%) | Moderate n (%) | Severe n (%) | p-value |
Sex | ||||
Male | 124 (51.5) | 238 (54.7) | 220 (57.9) | 0.283 |
Female | 117 (48.5) | 197 (45.3) | 160 (42.1) | |
Total | 241 (22.8) | 435 (41.2) | 380 (36.0) | |
Clinical features | ||||
Cough | 72 (29.9) | 194 (44.6) | 122 (32.1) | 0.000 |
Fever | 72 (29.9) | 141 (32.4) | 126 (33.2) | 0.683 |
Dyspnea | 0 (0.0) | 168 (38.6) | 154 (40.5) | 0.000 |
Malaise | 37 (15.4) | 81 (18.6) | 78 (20.5) | 0.271 |
Myalgia | 25 (10.4) | 35 (8.0) | 14 (3.7) | 0.003 |
Nausea or vomiting | 11 (4.6) | 35 (8.0) | 19 (5.0) | 0.099 |
Diarrhea | 15 (6.2) | 25 (5.7) | 25 (6.6) | 0.884 |
Headache | 15 (6.2) | 24 (5.5) | 18 (4.7) | 0.719 |
Sputum | 6 (2.5) | 16 (3.7) | 16 (4.2) | 0.529 |
Sore throat | 13 (5.4) | 15 (3.4) | 9 (2.4) | 0.135 |
Chills or rigors | 7 (2.9) | 15 (3.4) | 12 (3.2) | 0.926 |
Chest pain or back pain | 5 (2.1) | 17 (3.9) | 8 (2.1) | 0.217 |
Anorexia | 4 (1.7) | 11 (2.5) | 10 (2.6) | 0.710 |
Abdominal pain | 5 (2.1) | 5 (1.1) | 5 (1.3) | 0.608 |
Loss of smell or taste | 3 (1.2) | 4 (0.9) | 5 (1.3) | 0.854 |
Rhinorrhoea/Stuffiness | 3 (1.2) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.339 |
Others | 10 (4.1) | 15 (3.4) | 26 (6.8) | 0.067 |
Hematologic biomarkers | ||||
Lymphopenia | 50 (20.7) | 95 (21.8) | 145 (38.2) | 0.000 |
Thrombocytopenia | 49 (20.3) | 74 (17.0) | 109 (28.7) | 0.000 |
Neutrophilia | 31 (12.9) | 62 (14.3) | 84 (22.1) | 0.002 |
Coagulation biomarkers | ||||
Elevated D-dimer | 126 (52.5) | 268 (61.6) | 269 (71.0) | 0.000 |
Elevated fibrinogen | 187 (82.4) | 331 (84.9) | 319 (87.2) | 0.277 |
Inflammatory biomarkers | ||||
Elevated C-reactive protein | ||||
3.1–41.8 mg/L | 110 (45.6) | 215 (49.4) | 135 (35.5) | 0.000 |
> 41.8 mg/L | 79 (32.8) | 176 (40.5) | 219 (57.6) | |
Elevated serum ferritin | 45 (20.1) | 88 (21.4) | 142 (38.3) | 0.000 |
Biochemical biomarkers | ||||
Elevated LDH | 51 (21.7) | 143 (33.2) | 184 (48.5) | 0.000 |
Elevated liver enzymes | 51 (21.2) | 103 (23.7) | 130 (34.2) | 0.000 |
Elevated serum blood urea | 201 (83.4) | 348 (80.4) | 331 (87.3) | 0.028 |
Elevated serum blood creatinine | 34 (14.1) | 80 (18.5) | 90 (23.7) | 0.010 |
Chest CT results | ||||
Positive | 0 (0.0) | 392 (95.6) | 214 (88.4) | 0.000 |
PCR results | ||||
Positive | 132 (55.5) | 203 (48.3) | 202 (55.0) | 0.095 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Comorbidity presence (any) | 100 (41.5) | 201 (46.2) | 192 (50.5) | 0.086 |
Hypertension | 44 (18.3) | 106 (24.4) | 102 (26.8) | 0.048 |
Diabetes | 25 (10.4) | 59 (13.6) | 60 (15.8) | 0.159 |
Asthma/COPD | 13 (5.4) | 44 (10.1) | 39 (10.3) | 0.075 |
Ischemic heart disease | 15 (6.2) | 29 (6.7) | 42 (11.1) | 0.034 |
Cancer | 15 (6.2) | 24 (5.5) | 41 (10.8) | 0.012 |
Chronic renal disease | 8 (3.3) | 23 (5.3) | 16 (4.2) | 0.474 |
Heart failure | 3 (1.2) | 21 (4.8) | 20 (5.3) | 0.034 |
Inpatient settings | ||||
Ward only | 227 (94.2) | 388 (89.2) | 278 (73.2) | 0.000 |
Ward &ICU | 14 (5.8) | 47 (10.8) | 102 (26.8) | |
Fatality (in hospital) | 6 (2.5) | 26 (6.0) | 68 (17.9) | 0.000 |