Skip to main content

Table 3 Hospital Costs and Length of Stay by Disease Severity and Post Hoc Results

From: COVID-19 healthcare cost and length of hospital stay in Turkey: retrospective analysis from the first peak of the pandemic

COVID-19 Severity

Pre-symptomatic/Mild

Moderate

Severe

Length of stay (days)*

 Ward

7.1 (4.4)

7.8 (4.5)

8.3 (5.3)

 ICU

7.6 (5.0)

10.1 (11.0)

11.9 (12.6)

 Total

7.3 (4.5)

8.6 (6.0)

10.8 (8.4)

 Mean Differences (Cohen d’s)

 vs. pre-syptomatic/mild

1.2 (0.2) ***

3.4 (0.5) #

 vs.moderate

2.2 (0.3) #

Cost (PPP$)**

 Physician costs

8.9 (26.6)

10.9 (16.5)

13.5 (18.5)

 Laboratory tests

487.3 (371.7)

526.3 (353.9)

565.7 (389.9)

 Imaging tests

27.3 (64.4)

34.2 (95.4)

45.7 (116.4)

 Bed

345.7 (263.4)

438.4 (288.2)

419.4 (300.8)

 Interventions

228.5 (349.3)

261.7 (362.5)

260.6 (253.7)

 Drugs

370.5 (927.7)

368.3 (1087.7)

869.3 (1538.9)

 Medical supplies

35.7 (228.7)

116.8 (924.5)

353.4 (1533.4)

 Procedural packages

2,290.9 (2141.4)

3,127.4 (5025.2)

4,920.1 (7135.9)

 Total

3,794.7 (3275.5)

4,883.9 (6991.2)

7,447.7 (9307.5)

Mean Differences (Cohen d’s)

 vs. pre-syptomatic/mild

1,089.2 (0.2) ***

3,626.6 (0.5) #

 vs.moderate

2,556.5 (0.3) #

  1. ICU: Intensive care unit; PPP: Purchasing power parity
  2. * ANOVA: Welch’s F (2, 663.2) = 21.60, p = 0.000, est. ω2 = 0.038
  3. **ANOVA: Welch’s F (2, 682.7) = 25.27, p = 0.000, est. ω2 = 0.044
  4. *** p < 0.05, # p = 0.000