Table 5 Determinants of the ratio between the out-of-pocket expenditures due to RTI and annual household consumption

VARIABLES

A^a

B^b

C^c

D^d

A

B

C

D

Had surgery

0.0405**

0.0969***

0.119***

0.00715

0.0515***

0.108***

0.132***

0.0281

(0.0195)

(0.0281)

(0.0305)

(0.0475)

(0.0153)

(0.0254)

(0.0262)

(0.0447)

Hospitalized

0.0302***

0.0412***

0.0483***

0.154***

0.0313***

0.0422***

0.0495***

0.160***

(0.00805)

(0.00971)

(0.0102)

(0.0430)

(0.00628)

(0.00767)

(0.00788)

(0.0435)

Household head

0.0108

0.00435

0.0104

0.0197

0.00642

−0.000158

0.00527

0.0154

(0.00921)

(0.0106)

(0.0109)

(0.0183)

(0.00719)

(0.00847)

(0.00854)

(0.0174)

Gender

−0.00927

− 0.00986

− 0.0120

− 0.0328

− 0.00149

−0.00168

− 0.00297

−0.0235

(0.00897)

(0.0107)

(0.0107)

(0.0281)

(0.00697)

(0.00865)

(0.00852)

(0.0277)

Age over 50

−0.0162

−0.0250

−0.0262

0.0139

0.00724

−0.000126

0.000831

0.0414

(0.0227)

(0.0249)

(0.0254)

(0.0437)

(0.0171)

(0.0204)

(0.0196)

(0.0379)

Age under 18

−0.0244***

−0.0301***

−0.0275***

− 0.0137

−0.00592

− 0.0105

−0.00607

0.0105

(0.00859)

(0.00963)

(0.0100)

(0.0249)

(0.00709)

(0.00830)

(0.00832)

(0.0239)

Age 35/49

−0.0129

−0.00936

−0.0105

0.0105

0.00178

0.00607

0.00663

0.0312

(0.00807)

(0.00891)

(0.00960)

(0.0222)

(0.00617)

(0.00739)

(0.00755)

(0.0207)

Age 50/64

−0.0142

−0.0141

−0.0168

− 0.0206

−0.00310

− 0.00237

−0.00396

− 0.00950

(0.0153)

(0.0177)

(0.0189)

(0.0330)

(0.0130)

(0.0157)

(0.0163)

(0.0311)

Water network

0.00472

0.00232

0.00481

0.0118

0.0146

0.0127

0.0162

0.0277*

(0.0117)

(0.0116)

(0.0144)

(0.0151)

(0.00929)

(0.00906)

(0.0118)

(0.0147)

Electricity grid

−0.0287**

−0.0297**

−0.0330**

0.0170

−0.0157*

−0.0163*

− 0.0180*

0.0343*

(0.0117)

(0.0117)

(0.0136)

(0.0188)

(0.00838)

(0.00840)

(0.00977)

(0.0188)

Consumption 80,000/130,000

−0.0289***

−0.0302***

−0.0320***

− 0.0688**

(0.00434)

(0.00573)

(0.00564)

(0.0283)

Consump. Less than 30,000

0.154***

0.166***

0.180***

0.135***

(0.0321)

(0.0353)

(0.0386)

(0.0378)

Consump. More than 130,000

−0.0452***

−0.0435***

−0.0521***

−0.109***

(0.00409)

(0.00584)

(0.00523)

(0.0337)

Primary school

−0.0242*

−0.0323**

−0.0359**

0.00951

−0.0103

− 0.0175

− 0.0196

0.0220

(0.0136)

(0.0150)

(0.0163)

(0.0197)

(0.0107)

(0.0122)

(0.0127)

(0.0176)

High school level

−0.0271*

−0.0266*

−0.0354**

− 0.000716

−0.00540

− 0.00374

−0.0101

0.0246

(0.0141)

(0.0159)

(0.0169)

(0.0231)

(0.0108)

(0.0129)

(0.0129)

(0.0210)

College level

−0.0416***

−0.0466***

− 0.0510***

0.0243

− 0.0154

−0.0195

− 0.0207

0.0619*

(0.0150)

(0.0163)

(0.0180)

(0.0326)

(0.0117)

(0.0133)

(0.0140)

(0.0372)

Middle school level

−0.0177

−0.0177

−0.0214

0.0524*

0.000189

0.00135

−0.000673

0.0721***

(0.0158)

(0.0186)

(0.0198)

(0.0288)

(0.0127)

(0.0158)

(0.0163)

(0.0268)

Constant

0.0964***

0.104***

0.108***

0.0431

0.0599***

0.0647***

0.0648***

0.0157

(0.0136)

(0.0151)

(0.0158)

(0.0269)

(0.00848)

(0.00994)

(0.00997)

(0.0284)

Observations

533

533

533

480

533

533

533

480

R-squared

0.140

0.194

0.235

0.098

0.419

0.416

0.467

0.152