From: COVID-19 and the efficiency of health systems in Europe
 | Explanatory variable | Definition | Data source | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
INPUT | COVID-19 cases | COVID-19 cases per 1 million population | WHO | |
Physicians | Physicians (per 1000 population) | WHO/ Eurostat | ||
Nurses | Nurses and midwives (per 1000 people) | WHO/ Eurostat | ||
Hospital beds | Hospital beds (per 1000 population) | WHO/ Eurostat | ||
Health expenditure | Current health expenditure per capita (current US$) | WHO/ Eurostat | ||
OUTPUT | COVID-19 deaths | Â | WHO | |
driving factors for efficiency | Comorbidities | Probability (%) of dying between age 30 and exact age 70 from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease | WHO | |
Population over 65 | Population ages 65 and above in the total population (%) | World Bank | ||
Population density | People per sq. km | World Bank | ||
Education | Percentage of population with intermediate level of education | World Bank | ||
GDP per capita | GDP per capita (constant 2010 $) | World Bank | ||
Power distance | This dimension expresses how a society handles inequalities among people* | Hofstede insight | ||
Government Effectiveness | Perceptions of the quality of public services | World Bank |