The comparison of catastrophic health expenditure and its inequality between urban and rural households in China

Fu, Xian-zhi

doi:10.1186/s13561-022-00365-z

Health Economics Review

Table 2 Summary statistics of variables in urban and rural households

From: The comparison of catastrophic health expenditure and its inequality between urban and rural households in China

Variables	2012				2014
Variables	Urban households		Rural households		Urban households		Rural households
	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)
Sample size	2761	100%	3599	100%	2761	100%	3599	100%
Household expenditure (Yuan)	45,150	54,696	30,879	32,972	53,849	53,201	33,829	41,199
OOP medical expenditure (Yuan)	3488	10,495	3581	11,904	4670	15,460	4273	12,341
Food household expenditure (Yuan)	16,911	14,396	13,060	12,070	20,034	14,869	10,084	9770
Income (Yuan)	16,721	22,577	9412	13,186	19,515	32,466	10,190	18,559
Lnincome	9.23	1.14	8.64	1.16	9.39	1.09	8.68	1.21
Household size	3.60	1.54	4.21	1.82	3.59	1.60	4.18	1.83
Inpatient
Yes	649	23.51	883	24.53	786	28.47	1000	27.79
No^a	2112	76.49	2716	75.47	1975	71.53	2599	72.21
Elderly members
Yes	998	36.15	1360	37.79	1225	44.37	1703	47.32
No^a	1763	63.85	2239	62.21	1536	55.63	1896	52.68
Chronic diseases
Yes	793	28.72	977	27.15	1053	38.14	1284	35.68
No^a	1968	71.28	2622	72.85	1708	61.86	2315	64.32
Supplementary medical insurance
Yes	71	2.57	47	1.31	125	4.53	50	1.39
No^a	2690	97.43	3552	98.69	2636	95.47	3549	98.61
Geographic location
East^a	1370	49.62	1260	35.01	1370	49.62	1260	35.01
Central	902	32.67	1058	29.40	902	32.67	1058	29.40
West	489	17.71	1281	35.59	489	17.71	1281	35.59
Gender of household head
Female^a	1450	52.52	1442	40.07	1482	53.68	1493	41.48
Male	1311	47.48	2157	59.93	1279	46.32	2106	58.52
Age	49.78	12.99	49.60	12.18	51.33	12.75	51.37	12.06
Age square	2647.14	1334.76	2608.19	1224.73	2797.86	1349.55	2783.98	1254.45
Education of household head
Illiterate^a	468	16.95	1227	34.09	467	16.91	1220	33.90
Primary school	523	18.94	1007	27.98	515	18.65	1030	28.62
Middle school	883	31.98	981	27.26	880	31.87	977	27.15
High school and above	887	32.13	384	10.67	899	32.56	372	10.34
Marriage of household head
Married	2450	88.74	3281	91.16	2420	87.65	3262	90.64
Unmarried^a	311	11.26	318	8.84	341	12.35	337	9.36
Employment status of household head
Employed	1773	64.22	3115	86.55	1801	65.23	3136	87.14
Unemployed^a	988	35.78	484	13.45	960	34.77	463	12.86
Self-assessed health status of household head
Healthy	1663	60.23	2085	57.93	1865	67.55	2280	63.35
Unhealthy^a	1098	39.77	1514	42.07	896	32.45	1319	36.65
Smoking
Yes	776	28.11	1472	40.90	738	26.73	1372	38.12
No^a	1985	71.89	2127	59.10	2023	73.27	2227	61.88
Drinking
Yes	474	17.17	672	18.67	438	15.86	677	18.81
No^a	2287	82.83	2927	81.33	2323	84.14	2922	81.19
Variables	2016				2018
	Urban households		Rural households		Urban households		Rural households
	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)	Mean(N)	S.D. (%)
Sample size	2761	100%	3599	100%	2761	100%	3599	100%
Household expenditure (Yuan)	65,048	106,127	36,853	44,010	63,918	63,518	37,587	40,074
OOP medical expenditure (Yuan)	5517	17,708	4912	17,525	5234	12,473	4901	11,932
Food household expenditure (Yuan)	21,873	19,667	10,674	11,175	23,003	17,268	11,166	12,336
Income (Yuan)	27,401	60,884	12,937	66,828	32,762	62,048	13,758	17,529
Lnincome	9.72	0.95	8.97	0.93	9.96	0.93	9.12	0.94
Household size	3.59	1.65	4.16	1.93	3.51	1.72	3.97	1.92
Inpatient
Yes	844	30.57	1107	30.76	878	31.80	1214	33.73
No^a	1917	69.43	2492	69.24	1883	68.20	2385	66.27
Elderly members
Yes	1330	48.17	1835	50.99	1451	52.55	2023	56.21
No^a	1431	51.83	1764	49.01	1310	47.45	1576	43.79
Chronic diseases
Yes	1026	37.16	1315	36.54	993	35.97	1369	38.04
No^a	1735	62.84	2284	63.46	1768	64.03	2230	61.96
Supplementary medical insurance
Yes	157	5.69	105	2.92	137	4.96	84	2.33
No^a	2604	94.31	3494	97.08	2624	95.04	3515	97.67
Geographic location
East^a	1369	49.58	1260	35.01	1372	49.69	1259	34.98
Central	904	32.74	1058	29.40	902	32.67	1057	29.37
West	488	17.67	1281	35.59	487	17.64	1283	35.65
Gender of household head
Female^a	1499	54.29	1550	43.07	1456	52.73	1564	43.46
Male	1262	45.71	2049	56.93	1305	47.27	2035	56.54
Age	53.08	12.97	52.78	12.42	54.65	12.96	54.52	12.41
Age square	2986.08	1410.88	2940.31	1318.79	3154.92	1452.19	3126.48	1356.12
Education of household head
Illiterate^a	451	16.33	1184	32.90	401	14.52	1132	31.45
Primary school	541	19.59	1041	28.92	508	18.40	1006	27.95
Middle school	854	30.93	971	26.98	881	31.91	1056	29.34
High school and above	915	33.14	403	11.20	971	35.17	405	11.25
Marriage of household head
Married	2389	86.53	3206	89.08	2362	85.55	3136	87.14
Unmarried^a	372	13.47	393	10.92	399	14.45	463	12.86
Employment status of household head
Employed	1747	63.27	3085	85.72	1710	61.93	3017	83.83
Unemployed^a	1014	36.73	514	14.28	1051	38.07	582	16.17
Self-assessed health status of household head
Healthy	1694	61.35	2148	59.68	1811	65.59	2225	61.82
Unhealthy^a	1067	38.65	1451	40.32	950	34.41	1374	38.18
Smoking
Yes	716	25.93	1280	35.57	721	26.11	1324	36.79
No^a	2045	74.07	2319	64.43	2040	73.89	2275	63.21
Drinking
Yes	445	16.12	645	17.92	456	16.52	610	16.95
No^a	2316	83.88	2954	82.08	2305	83.48	2989	83.05

Note: ^a Reference group; OOP medical expenditure = out-of-pocket medical expenditure

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ISSN: 2191-1991

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