From: Exploring dynamics in catastrophic health care expenditure in Nigeria
Variables | Wave 1 (2010/2011) | Wave 2 (2012/2013) | Wave 3 (2015/2016) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Mean | Elasticity | Concentration Index (C) | Contribution to C | Contribution to C (%) | Coefficient | Mean | Elasticity | Concentration Index (C) | Contribution to C | Contribution to C (%) | Coefficient | Mean | Elasticity | Concentration Index (C) | Contribution to C | Contribution to C (%) | |
Economic Status | ||||||||||||||||||
 Poorest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Second | −0.0110 | 0.2037 | −0.0914 | − 0.3234 | 0.0295 |  | − 0.0199 | 0.1945 | − 0.1705 | − 0.2978 | 0.0508 |  | − 0.0713 | 0.1986 | − 0.2654 | − 0.3845 | 0.1020 |  |
 Middle | − 0.0519 | 0.1924 | − 0.4055 | 0.1043 | − 0.0423 |  | − 0.0294 | 0.2020 | − 0.2611 | 0.0565 | − 0.0147 |  | − 0.0716 | 0.1980 | − 0.2669 | 0.0177 | − 0.0047 |  |
 Fourth | − 0.0388 | 0.2023 | − 0.3184 | 0.4070 | − 0.1296 |  | − 0.0348 | 0.2058 | − 0.3151 | 0.4202 | − 0.1324 |  | − 0.1070 | 0.1979 | − 0.3968 | 0.4605 | − 0.1827 |  |
 Richest | − 0.0503 | 0.1933 | − 0.3949 | 0.7560 | − 0.2886 | 80% | − 0.0366 | 0.1992 | − 0.3201 | 0.7476 | − 0.2393 | 79% | − 0.1246 | 0.2036 | − 0.4740 | 0.7127 | −0.3385 | 92% |
Zone | ||||||||||||||||||
 North |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 South | 0.0189 | 0.4555 | 0.3500 | 0.0160 | 0.0056 | −3% | − 0.0112 | 0.4455 | − 0.2196 | 0.0110 | − 0.0024 | 1% | 0.0741 | 0.4380 | 0.6084 | 0.0239 | 0.0145 | −7% |
Sector | ||||||||||||||||||
 Rural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Urban | 0.0122 | 0.2948 | 0.1461 | −0.0334 | −0.0049 | 2% | − 0.0149 | 0.2755 | − 0.1802 | 0.1299 | − 0.0334 | 14% | − 0.0070 | 0.2665 | − 0.0131 | 0.0742 | − 0.0026 | 1% |
HHsize | ||||||||||||||||||
  < 5 members |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  > 5 members | −0.0044 | 0.4586 | −0.0823 | − 0.0078 | 0.0006 | − 0% | −0.0161 | 0.6447 | −0.4560 | 0.0350 | −0.0164 | 9% | 0.0022 | 0.8977 | 0.0386 | 0.0040 | 0.0002 | −0% |
Gender | ||||||||||||||||||
 Female |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Male | 0.0070 | 0.4917 | 0.1398 | 0.0119 | 0.0017 | −1% | 0.0034 | 0.4834 | 0.0712 | −0.0041 | −0.0003 | 0% | −0.0101 | 0.4790 | −0.0908 | −0.0122 | 0.0011 | − 0% |
Education | ||||||||||||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Nursery & primary | −0.0125 | 0.1939 | −0.0985 | −0.0472 | 0.0047 |  | 0.0216 | 0.4564 | 0.4323 | 0.0254 | 0.0109 |  | −0.0016 | 0.4445 | −0.0135 | 0.0023 | −0.0000 |  |
 Secondary | −0.0139 | 0.0738 | −0.0416 | −0.0476 | 0.0010 |  | 0.0067 | 0.3873 | 0.2835 | −0.0371 | − 0.0059 |  | 0.0027 | 0.3649 | 0.0191 | 0.0056 | 0.0001 |  |
 Post-secondary | 0.0135 | 0.1310 | 0.0723 | −0.0577 | − 0.0042 | − 0% | 0.0261 | 0.1462 | 0.1677 | 0.0197 | 0.0033 | − 0% | 0.0402 | 0.1729 | 0.1304 | 0.0106 | 0.0014 | 0% |
Employment status | ||||||||||||||||||
 Unemployed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Employed | − 0.0113 | 0.2116 | − 0.0978 | − 0.0395 | 0.0039 | −2% | 0.0225 | 0.2053 | 0.2033 | 0.0153 | 0.0031 | −2% | 0.0556 | 0.2027 | 0.2112 | 0.0590 | 0.0127 | −6% |
Bednet | ||||||||||||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | − 0.0182 | 0.3616 | −0.2674 | 0.0040 | − 0.0011 | 0.5% | − 0.0067 | 0.3102 | − 0.0909 | − 0.0269 | 0.0024 | −1% | 0.0118 | 0.2595 | 0.0573 | − 0.0255 | − 0.0024 | 1% |
Hospitalized | ||||||||||||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | −0.0162 | 0.0247 | −0.0162 | 0.0136 | − 0.0002 | 0.1% | − 0.0175 | 0.0230 | − 0.0184 | − 0.1251 | 0.0023 | −1% | 0.0176 | 0.0191 | 0.0062 | 0.1055 | 0.0007 | − 0% |
Insurance | ||||||||||||||||||
 Uninsured |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Insured | −0.0201 | 0.0567 | −0.0463 | 0.3220 | −0.0149 | 7% | 0.0254 | 0.0248 | 0.0277 | −0.2878 | − 0.0070 | 5% | − 0.0390 | 0.0092 | − 0.0067 | 0.0242 | − 0.0002 | 0% |
Elderly | ||||||||||||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.0324 | 0.1336 | 0.1758 | 0.0283 | 0.0040 | −2% | − 0.0068 | 0.1790 | − 0.0532 | − 0.0405 | 0.0021 | −1% | 0.0057 | 0.3450 | 0.0371 | 0.0170 | 0.0007 | − 0% |
 CI Ln Odds of CHE |  |  | −0.4348 |  |  |  | −0.3769 |  |  |  | −0.3977 |  | ||||||
 Mean of Ln Odds of CHE | 0.0246 |  |  |  | 0.0228 |  |  |  | 0.0534 |  |  |  |