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Table 6 Logistic Regression of Factors Associated with CHE in Urban Region

From: Exploring dynamics in catastrophic health care expenditure in Nigeria

Variables

Wave 1 (2010/2011)

Wave 2 (2012/2013)

Wave 3 (2015/2016)

Odds Ratio

Robust Std. Err

95% Confidence Interval

Odds Ratio

Robust Std. Err

95% Confidence Interval

Odds Ratio

Robust Std. Err

95% Confidence Interval

Economic Status

 Poorest (Ref)

         

 Second

0.1309a

0.1032

0.0279–0.6138

0.5787a

0.1644

0.3315–1.0101

0.5116

0.3607

0.1284–2.0376

 Middle

0.2207a

0.1761

0.0461–1.0549

0.3312c

0.0931

0.1908–0.5748

0.1866c

0.1028

0.0634–0.5493

 Fourth

0.0489c

0.0365

0.0113–0.2117

0.4504b

0.1322

0.2534–0.8008

0.1287c

0.0669

0.0464–0.3569

 Richest

0.0183c

0.0124

0.0048–0.0691

0.1243c

0.0374

0.0688–0.2244

0.0389c

0.0196

0.0144–0.1048

HHsize

 Less than 5 members (Ref)

         

 Greater than 5 members

0.7080

0.2462

0.35815–1.3997

0.7461

0.1346

0.5238–1.0628

1.6918

0.6530

0.7939–3.6050

Gender

 Female (Ref)

         

 Male

0.5784

0.2252

0.2696–1.2407

1.1299

0.1953

0.8052–1.5856

0.9733

0.2220

0.6223–1.5220

Education

 No (Ref)

         

 Nursery & primary

1.6406

0.6026

0.7986–3.3704

1.3124

1.3135

0.1845–9.3322

0.3000

0.3465

0.0311–2.8862

 Secondary

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000–0.0000

0.9502

0.9504

0.1337–6.7490

0.6208

0.7185

0.0642–5.9996

 Post-secondary

4.8863a

4.1511

0.9243–25.8291

0.6015

0.6033

0.0842–4.2959

0.3913

0.4587

0.0393–3.8931

Employment status

 Employed (Ref)

         

 Unemployed

0.9732

0.5646

0.3121–3.0341

0.6093b

0.1351

0.3945–0.9411

0.8792

0.2140

0.5455–1.4168

Bednet

 No (Ref)

         

 Yes

0.9933

0.4664

0.3957–2.4935

0.9936

0.1902

0.6826–1.4461

0.4884c

0.1208

0.3007–0.7933

Insurance

 Uninsured (Ref)

         

 Insured

2.0574

0.9714

0.8154–5.1909

13.0746b

9.5684

3.1152–54.8742

8.6332b

9.4220

1.0167–73.3076

Elderly

 No (Ref)

         

 Yes

0.7632

0.3348

0.3230–1.8033

0.6656a

0.1425

0.4375–1.0126

0.5677b

0.1279

0.3650–0.8829

 Cons

74.0551

53.9061

17.780–308.433

4.9146

5.0138

0.6654–36.2964

189.7624

238.1426

16.2178–2220.37

  1. a, b, and c indicate significance at 10, 5 and 1% respectively