Table 1 Sample descriptive statistics
Variables | 2011 Mean(SD)/% | 2013 Mean(SD)/% | 2015 Mean(SD)/% | 2018 Mean(SD)/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender | ||||
0 = male; 1 = female | 0.48(0.50) | 0.54(0.50) | 0.53(0.50) | 0.54(0.50) |
Age | ||||
Discrete variable | 60.21(9.24) | 59.74(9.54) | 59.02(9.57) | 60.42(9.45) |
Education | ||||
Illiterate (1 = Illiterate); Middle school and lower (2 = Did not finish primary, 3 = Sishu/home school, 4 = Elementary school, 5 = Middle school); High school and above (6 = High school, 7 = Vocational school, 8 = Two-/Three-Year Collage/Associate degree, 9 = Four-Year Collage/Bachelor’s degree, 10 = Master’s degree, 11 = Doctoral degree/Ph.D) | 27.93;62.49;9.58 | 22.38;63.63;13.99 | 20.88;67.9;11.22 | 20.08;67.55;12.37 |
Residence location | ||||
Urban zone (1 = Main city zone); Combination zone (2 = Combination zone between urban and rural areas, 3 = The town center, 4 = Zhenxiang area, 5 = Special area, 6 = Township Central); Rural zone (7 = Village) | 8.56;24.98;66.46 | 15.76;26.53;57.71 | 9.13;27.64;63.23 | 14.04;27.2;58.76 |
Economic level | ||||
Total income (year) | ||||
Continuous variable | 7891(12,758) | 12,351(18,641) | 12,346(27,901) | 17,852(27,008) |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployment (0 = Unemployment, 3 = Retirement); Employment (1 = Informal employment, 2 = Formal employment, 4 = Re-employment after retirement) | 3.96;96.04 | 18.63;81.37 | 7.82;92.18 | 16.32;83.68 |
Household facilities level | ||||
Discrete variable | 2.20(1.54) | 2.97(1.52) | 1.96(1.30) | 3.37(1.32) |
Total expenditure(year) | ||||
Continuous variable | 5499(9201) | 9675(13,089) | 11,051(23,133) | 13,862(24,734) |
Health status | ||||
Number of chronic diseases | ||||
Discrete variable | 0.70(1.40) | 1.65(1.60) | 1.76(1.60) | 3.33(2.64) |
Self-reported health | ||||
1 = Very good; 2 = Good; 3 = Fair; 4 = Poor; 5 = Very poor | 3.19(0.82) | 3.12(0.86) | 3.15(0.90) | 3.12(0.94) |
ADL | ||||
1 = With difficulty; 0 = Without difficulty | 0.22(0.42) | 0.21(0.40) | 0.24(0.43) | 0.21(0.41) |
IADL | ||||
1 = Difficult; 0 = Easy | 0.22(0.42) | 0.25(0.43) | 0.28(0.45) | 0.30(0.45) |
Insurance | ||||
Healthcare insurance number | ||||
Discrete variable | 0.97(0.29) | 1.01(0.27) | 0.97(0.57) | 1.03(0.28) |
Healthcare service utilization | ||||
Outpatient level | ||||
0 = No; 1 = Yes | 0.26(0.44) | 0.27(0.44) | 0.23(0.42) | 0.20(0.40) |
Inpatient Level | ||||
0 = No; 1 = Yes | 0.087(0.28) | 0.15(0.35) | 0.14(0.35) | 0.19(0.39) |
Prevention | ||||
0 = Didn’t take physical examination; 1 = Take a physical examination | 0.46(0.50) | 0.42(0.49) | 0.39(0.49) | 0.51(0.50) |