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Table 9 Direct and indirect costs of accessing and utilising health care by socioeconomic status quintiles and place of residence –for public facilities only

From: An equity analysis on the household costs of accessing and utilising maternal and child health care services in Tanzania

   

Socioeconomic status

Equity measures

Place of residence

Equity measures

n

Mean

Gap

(Poorest -least poor)

Ratio

(Poorest/ least poor)

Concentration Index (CI)

Gap

(Rural - Urban)

Ratio

(Rural/ Urban)

1153

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Time cost (mins)

 Travel time for all

911

31.6

12.7***

1.5

−0.085***

3.5

1.1

 Waiting time

1141

48.3

16.5***

1.4

−0.052*

14.3**

1.4

 Consultation time

1125

12.9

−1.0

0.9

0.007

1.2

1.1

Direct cost (USD)

 Transport cost for all clients

1063

0.32

−0.36***

0.3

0.257***

−0.11

0.7

 Medical cost for all clients

1146

0.07

−0.04

0.6

0.153**

−0.04

0.6

  1. The median travel time overall =20 min, while on foot (21.5 min), car (20 min) and other modes (20 min); median travel cost = 0 USD; median waiting time = 26.5 min, and consultation time = 10 min; median medical cost = 0 USD; travel time reflects a one-way journal
  2. *** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10% level*** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10% level