Table 1 Variable definitions

lnP_it

Natural logarithm of the listed purchase price for product i in month t.

D _ PiSubstance_st

Equals one if one or more parallel imported product with the same active substance as product i were sold in Sweden in month t.

D _ Pi_it

Equals one if one or more parallel imported product exchangeable with product i was sold in month t.

N_PiSubstance_st

The number of parallel traders that sold products with the same substance as product i in month t.

lnN_PiSubstance_st

Natural logarithm of N_PiSubstance_st when N_PiSubstance_st >  0, but equal to zero when N_PiSubstance_st = 0.

N_ Pi_it

The number of parallel traders that in month t sold products exchangeable with product i.

lnN _ Pi_it

Natural logarithm of N_Pi_it when N_Pi_it > 0, but equal to zero when N_Pi_it = 0.

D _ Th_st

Takes the value of one if one or more other firm in month t sold a locally sourced product with the same five-digit ATC code as product i.

D _ ThGen_st

Takes the value of one if, in Sweden, there existed a generic version of a substance that was sold in month t with the same five-digit ATC code as product i.

N _ Th_it

The number of pharmaceutical substances with the same five-digit ATC code and with locally sourced drugs sold by firms other than the seller of product i in month t.

lnN _ Th_it

Natural logarithm of N _ Th_it when N _ Th_it >  0, but equal to zero when N _ Th_it = 0.

N _ ThGen_st

Number of substances with generic versions and the same five-digit ATC code as product i for which generic as product i that was sold in month t.

lnN _ ThGen_st

Natural logarithm of N _ ThGen_st when N _ ThGen_st >  0, but equal to zero when N _ ThGen_st = 0.

Q_st

The number of defined daily doses sold of products with substance s in month t.

lnQ_st

Natural logarithm of Q_st.