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Table 9 The estimates of the recursive- and structural-forms: India

From: Dose birthweight matter to quality of life? A comparison between Japan, the U.S., and India

 

Recursive

Structural

 

HEIGHT

EDUCATION

MARRIAGE

BMI

INCOME

HEALTH

HAPPINESS

LBW

−0.0135

−0.377***

0.0869**

−0.626

−2.392**

− 0.162

0.0237

 

(0.00988)

(0.126)

(0.043)

(0.653)

(1.210)

(0.172)

(0.254)

LBW×OLD

0.00849

0.25

−0.161**

3.103**

−1.604

− 0.424

0.165

 

(0.0161)

(0.222)

(0.0787)

(1.237)

(2.369)

(0.291)

(0.418)

Q_HBW

0.0133

−0.227

0.0574

3.129

−0.851

0.769***

−0.308

 

(0.0222)

(0.324)

(0.0790)

(1.955)

(3.194)

(0.204)

(0.381)

Q_HBW×OLD

−0.0265

0.421

0.0489

−0.946

6.119*

−0.576

0.859*

 

(0.0356)

(0.480)

(0.0832)

(2.213)

(3.669)

(0.400)

(0.518)

DONTKNOW

−0.0119*

0.041

−0.0372

− 0.502

−2.437**

0.077

− 0.393**

 

(0.00711)

(0.119)

(0.0379)

(0.560)

(1.200)

(0.113)

(0.192)

DONTKNOW×OLD

0.0121

0.568***

−0.00128

1.382*

3.634*

−0.637***

0.36

 

(0.0100)

(0.181)

(0.0536)

(0.811)

(1.965)

(0.157)

(0.343)

OLD

0.00354

−0.277

−0.132**

0.0772

0.214

0.294*

−0.394

 

(0.0110)

(0.179)

(0.0539)

(0.761)

(1.991)

(0.158)

(0.274)

ACADEMIC

0.00488**

0.310***

−0.00912

− 0.408**

− 0.0977

− 0.0213

0.137**

 

(0.00228)

(0.0392)

(0.0126)

(0.204)

(0.468)

(0.0442)

(0.0685)

HEIGHT

 

0.671

−0.213

−22.79***

−7.172

− 0.491

1.571

  

(0.562)

(0.179)

(2.574)

(8.651)

(0.937)

(1.687)

EDUCATION

  

0.000795

0.274

2.102***

0.0206

0.113

   

(0.0104)

(0.189)

(0.405)

(0.0454)

(0.0715)

MARRIAGE

   

1.108**

3.129***

0.0817

0.0995

    

(0.505)

(1.107)

(0.122)

(0.210)

BMI

    

−0.116

0.0161

0.00237

     

(0.300)

(0.0362)

(0.0683)

INCOME

   

−0.0473

 

0.0173

−0.0511*

    

(0.0607)

 

(0.0140)

(0.0266)

HEALTH

   

−0.0672

2.395*

 

0.836***

    

(0.669)

(1.239)

 

(0.202)

HAPPINESS

   

0.11

−1.126

0.192***

 
    

(0.320)

(0.729)

(0.0705)

 

Cons

1.584***

2.514**

−0.436

53.64***

−1.99

3.016

0.311

 

(0.0364)

(1.043)

(0.362)

(5.915)

(20.22)

(2.103)

(3.935)

Obs.

926

926

926

450

450

450

450

R2

0.179

0.245

0.208

0.295

0.325

0.36

0.349

Weak identification test

F(3, 420)

9.217

15.374

9.964

12.613

Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic

Underidentification test

χ2(3)

17.790***

32.265***

21.420***

28.743***

Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic

F-value of the first stage

BMI

–

16.80***

16.74***

16.22***

Income

12.17***

–

12.16***

11.90***

Health

28.79***

29.06***

–

27.15***

Happiness

41.40***

39.83***

41.49***

–

  1. The coefficients are estimated by OLS. The definition and unit of each variable are presented in Table 2. Regression coefficients are presented in the upper rows. All control variables are included in the estimation, but their estimates are not shown in the table to save space. The recursive system is estimated with OLS, while structural system is estimated with 2SLS using instrumental variables: the average value of each variable (BMI, income, health, and happiness) with the same three attributes of gender, age, and place of present residence. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
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Health Economics Review

ISSN: 2191-1991

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