Table 2 Unmet need for healthcare among the older population by selected variables and by reasons for the unmet need for healthcare
Characteristics | Due to any reason | Due to cost/economic reasons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of studies | Prevalence (95% CI) | No. of studies | Prevalence (95% CI) | |
Gender |  | (p = 0.8) |  | (p < 0.01) |
 Male | 31 | 12.5 (7.1–19.2) | 20 | 10.9 (8.9–13.1) |
 Female | 31 | 13.6 (11.0–16.4) | 22 | 14.4 (11.8–17.3) |
Educational level |  | (P = 0.3) |  | (p < 0.01) |
 Primary or less | 14 | 11.4 (9.0–14.1) | 13 | 13.3 (9.6–17.6) |
 Secondary or college | 18 | 12.3 (10.0–14.0) | 11 | 12.2 (9.3–15.3) |
 Higher | 12 | 14.5 (11.6–17.8) | 13 | 7.5 (5.9–9.3) |
Self-reported health |  | (p < 0.01) |  | (p < 0.01) |
 Poor/fair | 16 | 20.2 (17.0–23.6) | 9 | 23.2 (18.8–27.8) |
 Good/average | 14 | 17.3 (10.9–24.8) | 6 | 4.4 (3.4–5.5) |
 Very good/excellent | 14 | 11.6 (9.7–13.7) | 5 | 13.8 (8.7–19.8) |
Type of illness |  | (p = 0.7) |  | (p = 0.8) |
 Have NCD/chronic condition | 10 | 7.1 (5.8–8.5) | 10 | 12.8 (7.9–18.8) |
 Have depression symptoms | 6 | 6.2 (2.0–12.4) | 7 | 13.6 (13.1–14.1) |
Insurance status |  | (P = 0.3) |  | (p < 0.01) |
 Insureda | 14 | 14.4 (9.5–20.0) | 9 | 9.0 (7.5–10.6) |
 None | 13 | 18.0 (14.8–21.4) | 10 | 27.7 (24.0–31.5) |
Income/SES group |  | (p < 0.01) |  | (p < 0.01) |
 Q1 (Poorest) | 18 | 23.6 (19.3–28.3) | 8 | 28.2 (14.1–44.9) |
 Q2 | 17 | 13.9 (10.4–17.9) | 7 | 15.3 (8.6–23.4) |
 Q3 | 17 | 11.2 (6.6–16.9) | 7 | 10.1 (5.6–15.8) |
 Q4 | 14 | 9.2 (6.8–11.8) | 6 | 9.7 (4.6–16.4) |
 Q5 (Richest) | 11 | 6.5 (5.0–8.1) | 7 | 7.1 (3.8–11.3) |
Residence |  | (p = 0.9) |  | (p = 0.3) |
 Urban | 13 | 14.4 (11.5–17.6) | 5 | 12.8 (9.0–17.2) |
 Rural | 15 | 14.7 (11.2–18.6) | 5 | 16.2 (11.8–21.2) |
Survey year |  | (p < 0.01) |  | (p < 0.01) |
  ≤ 2000 | 8 | 12.4 (7.8–17.8) | 3 | 7.4 (3.2–13.2) |
 2001–2010 | 34 | 15.5 (12.1–19.2) | 14 | 4.3 (3.1–5.8) |
 2011–2019 | 28 | 10.1 (8.3–11.9) | 19 | 10.8 (9.9–11.8) |