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Table 2 Relationship between COVID-19 spread and poverty in Africa in 2020

From: Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

 

Log Total COVID-19 cases

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Log (Population size)

0.935***

0.877***

0.863***

0.860***

0.868***

0.898***

(0.225)

(0.144)

(0.164)

(0.175)

(0.224)

(0.188)

Log (Population density)

-0.201

0.139**

0.150

0.160***

0.185**

0.202*

(0.123)

(0.105)

(0.105)

(0.107)

(0.124)

(0.117)

Log (GDP per capita)

0.579*

0.393*

0.549***

0.620***

0.653**

0.506

(0.290)

(0.230)

(0.181)

(0.175)

(0.259)

(0.313)

Log (Official development assistance)

0.018

-0.167***

-0.135

0.120

-0.059**

-0.025*

(0.241)

(0.157)

(0.173)

(0.184)

(0.242)

(0.218)

Log (Health expenditure)

0.148

-0.110*

-0.133***

-0.138**

0.222

-0.116*

(0.248)

(0.173)

(0.190)

(0.204)

(0.237)

(0.245)

GINI Index

0.030*

0.074***

0.064***

0.057***

-0.032

0.035*

(0.017)

(0.020)

(0.021)

(0.021)

(0.149)

(0.017)

Corruption control

-0.416***

-0.260

-0.227

-0.244***

-0.303**

-0.456

(0.701)

(0.526)

(0.550)

(0.567)

(0.692)

(0.671)

Government effectiveness

-0.287*

-0.551**

-0.450

-0.402*

-0.084

-0.184*

(0.707)

(0.510)

(0.524)

(0.545)

(0.633)

(0.616)

Average poverty

0.002**

     

(0.004)

     

Poverty incidence

 

0.038***

    
 

(0.011)

    

Poverty depth

  

0.056***

   
  

(0.019)

   

Poverty severity

   

0.074**

  
   

(0.029)

  

Multidimensional poverty index

    

0.033*

 
    

(0.089)

 

Extreme poverty

     

0.016*

     

(0.009)

Constant

-11.590***

-10.870***

-11.690***

-11.940***

-9.737

-9.526**

(3.785)

(2.642)

(3.009)

(3.241)

(6.264)

(3.638)

R2

0.634

0.717

0.686

0.671

0.632

0.652

Chi2

11.200

21.860

16.730

15.140

13.190

11.250

Prob (Chi2)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

N

52

52

52

52

52

52

  1. Note: Significance *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1; (.) Standard deviations