Table 3 Relationship between COVID-19 severity and poverty in Africa in 2020

Log (Population size)

0.013***

0.030***

0.028

0.027***

0.032**

0.033*

(0.033)

(0.028)

(0.029)

(0.030)

(0.031)

(0.028)

Log (Population density)

-0.015

0.008*

0.007***

0.008**

0.022*

0.017

(0.038)

(0.032)

(0.030)

(0.031)

(0.038)

(0.038)

Log (GDP per capita)

0.163*

0.102*

0.120*

0.134**

0.143*

0.126

(0.094)

(0.060)

(0.060)

(0.066)

(0.084)

(0.077)

Log (Official development assistance)

-0.018**

-0.023

-0.022

0.021

-0.008**

-0.002*

(0.042)

(0.038)

(0.038)

(0.037)

(0.036)

(0.034)

Log (Health expenditure)

-0.053

0.002

-0.001***

-0.004***

0.039

-0.009

(0.044)

(0.042)

(0.044)

(0.045)

(0.037)

(0.047)

GINI Index

0.003

0.012*

0.013*

0.013*

0.031***

0.006

(0.004)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.027)

(0.004)

Corruption control

-0.005***

0.013

-0.002*

-0.004*

0.029

-0.037**

(0.163)

(0.158)

(0.150)

(0.149)

(0.176)

(0.179)

Government effectiveness

-0.092

-0.217**

-0.222*

-0.221

-0.150***

-0.156*

(0.161)

(0.151)

(0.148)

(0.148)

(0.157)

(0.159)

Average poverty

0.001*

(0.001)

Poverty incidence

0.006*

(0.003)

Poverty depth

0.012**

(0.007)

Poverty severity

0.018*

(0.010)

Multidimensional poverty index

0.016*

(0.015)

Extreme poverty

0.002**

(0.002)

Constant

2.222**

2.183**

2.029**

1.952*

1.415**

2.319**

(1.050)

(0.917)

(0.960)

(1.002)

(1.484)

(1.008)

R²

0.222

0.290

0.304

0.302

0.224

0.223

Chi2

11.680

10.880

10.950

1.040

11.410

10.970

Prob (Chi2)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

N

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