Table 5 Relationship between COVID-19 severity and poverty in Africa in 2021

Log (Population size)

0.004**

0.007***

0.006***

0.005**

0.008***

0.005*

(0.050)

(0.049)

(0.049)

(0.050)

(0.051)

(0.049)

Log (Population density)

0.039*

0.044

0.044**

0.044

0.037**

0.039

(0.040)

(0.038)

(0.037)

(0.037)

(0.039)

(0.040)

Log (GDP per capita)

0.212*

0.185*

0.195**

0.203**

0.208*

0.218**

(0.116)

(0.096)

(0.094)

(0.096)

(0.104)

(0.101)

Log (Official development assistance)

-0.037**

-0.030

-0.031*

-0.031***

-0.039

-0.037*

(0.053)

(0.047)

(0.047)

(0.047)

(0.045)

(0.043)

Log (Health expenditure)

-0.044*

-0.026

-0.024

-0.022*

-0.043

-0.048**

(0.119)

(0.097)

(0.099)

(0.100)

(0.111)

(0.106)

GINI Index

0.001*

0.005***

0.006

0.006

0.010***

0.000

(0.007)

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.007)

(0.048)

(0.006)

Corruption control

-0.102**

-0.102

-0.107

-0.107*

-0.094

-0.106**

(0.234)

(0.244)

(0.241)

(0.240)

(0.251)

(0.244)

Government effectiveness

-0.122

-0.070**

-0.068*

-0.067

-0.110

-0.117*

(0.166)

(0.181)

(0.189)

(0.191)

(0.182)

(0.178)

Average poverty

0.000*

(0.001)

Poverty incidence

0.003**

(0.004)

Poverty depth

0.008**

(0.007)

Poverty severity

0.010*

(0.011)

Multidimensional poverty index

0.005***

(0.027)

Extreme poverty

0.001*

(0.003)

Constant

2.119**

2.133**

2.046*

1.997*

1.870

1.984*

(1.025)

(1.042)

(1.071)

(1.096)

(1.984)

(1.080)

R²

0.303

0.312

0.313

0.314

0.303

0.304

Chi2

13.490

13.920

14.110

14.280

3.340

3.620

Prob (Chi2)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

N

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