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Table 6 Relationship between COVID-19 spread and poverty in Africa in 2022

From: Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis

 

Log Total COVID-19 cases

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Log (Population size)

0.643***

0.585***

0.585***

0.586***

0.591***

0.576***

(0.115)

(0.090)

(0.097)

(0.098)

(0.092)

(0.105)

Log (Population density)

0.054

0.065*

0.055**

0.054

0.044

0.061*

(0.099)

(0.099)

(0.096)

(0.096)

(0.100)

(0.099)

Log (GDP per capita)

0.460

0.507*

0.541**

0.537**

0.532**

0.583**

(0.311)

(0.261)

(0.254)

(0.260)

(0.253)

(0.276)

Log (Official development assistance)

0.114

-0.165*

0.149

0.146

-0.160*

0.169

(0.109)

(0.093)

(0.102)

(0.104)

(0.089)

(0.103)

Log (Health expenditure)

-0.435**

-0.522***

-0.546***

-0.553***

-0.580***

-0.583***

(0.167)

(0.171)

(0.192)

(0.199)

(0.188)

(0.176)

GINI Index

0.038***

0.037**

0.029**

0.028*

0.114

0.029**

(0.014)

(0.015)

(0.014)

(0.014)

(0.080)

(0.012)

Corruption control

-0.296*

-0.395

-0.382***

-0.379***

-0.369

-0.439*

(0.327)

(0.321)

(0.326)

(0.327)

(0.328)

(0.342)

Government effectiveness

-0.598*

-0.741**

-0.815**

-0.831**

-0.769**

-0.815**

(0.306)

(0.338)

(0.364)

(0.373)

(0.336)

(0.323)

Average poverty

0.002**

     

(0.001)

     

Poverty incidence

 

0.003*

    
 

(0.007)

    

Poverty depth

  

0.005*

   
  

(0.013)

   

Poverty severity

   

0.012**

  
   

(0.021)

  

Multidimensional poverty index

    

0.048***

 
    

(0.046)

 

Extreme poverty

     

0.006*

     

(0.007)

Constant

-7.063***

-6.691**

-6.685**

-6.614**

-8.886**

-7.329**

(2.549)

(2.626)

(2.707)

(2.736)

(3.940)

(3.005)

R2

0.771

0.768

0.768

0.768

0.771

0.771

Chi2

33.980

35.260

33.420

33.210

34.290

35.59

Prob (Chi2)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

N

52

52

52

52

52

52

  1. Note: Significance *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1; (.) Standard deviations