Table 1 Variable lists
Independent variables | Coding | |
Householders’ characteristics | Gender | 0: Male; 1: Female |
Elderly | 0: No; 1: Yes (65+) | |
Education level | 0: Middle school or less; 1: High school or more | |
Presence of a spouse | 0: No; 1: Yes | |
Economically active | 0: No; 1: Yes | |
Households’ characteristics | Living alone | 0: No; 1: Yes |
Equivalized income | 1: 1st quintile (the poorest); 2: 2nd quintile; 3: 3rd quintile; 4: 4th quintile; 5: 5th quintile (the richest) | |
Private health insurance | 0: No, 1: Yes | |
National health insurance | 0: No (Medical aid beneficiaries); 1: Yes | |
Presence of disabled persons | 0: No; 1: Yes | |
Presence of persons with any of four serious diseases (= treatment) | 0: No (Control group); 1: Yes (Treatment group) | |
Dependent variables | Coding | |
Indicator types of CHE | Incidence | if OOP/HI > 0.1, 1; otherwise, 0 |
Intensity | OOP/HI − 0.1 | |