Table 2 Health provider level estimates of the effect of doctor-to-population ratio on quality of care

OLS

2SLS

OLS

2SLS

ln(Doctors per 10,000 population)

-1.072

-4.04***

0.028

-1.661***

(0.791)

(1.26)

(0.36)

(0.524)

ln(Proportion aged 65 and over)

1.319

0.393

1.239

0.546

(3.077)

(3.146)

(1.623)

(1.815)

ln(Registered nurse per 10,000 population)

-0.563

3.478**

-0.568

1.701**

(1.923)

(1.745)

(.607)

(.758)

Mean age

-0.579**

-0.6**

-0.116

-0.125

(0.291)

(0.287)

(0.097)

(0.097)

ln(Hospital beds per 1,000 population)

111.685

114.471

16.395

13.509

(75.324)

(74.365)

(26.005)

(25.802)

ln(Proportion no education)

34.67

34.272

1.049

-0.931

(22.21)

(21.799)

(6.556)

(6.423)

ln(Real per capita income)

28.899

29.584

4.536

3.609

(19.871)

(19.5)

(6.968)

(6.91)

ln(Unemployment rate)

26.89**

24.648**

-1.216

-2.976

(12.425)

(12.254)

(4.431)

(4.535)

ln(Proportion travel time < 30 min)

46.669

51.06

3.354

2.652

(42.6)

(42.321)

(11.406)

(11.405)

Mission hospital

-3.169

-2.896

-0.461

0.026

(2.66)

(2.6)

(.739)

(.708)

Private hospital

-2.798

-3.346

-1.281

-1.576*

(2.46)

(2.651)

(.789)

(.915)

Gender

12.287***

12.06***

13.921**

14.07**

(3.575)

(3.509)

(6.911)

(6.78)

Secondary hospital

2.519

3.972

3.251*

3.942**

(2.724)

(2.901)

(1.855)

(1.856)

Tertiary hospital

-2.951

-1.30

-1.122

-.527

(3.146)

(2.978)

(2.104)

(2.046)

ln(Proportion population insured)

33.091

29.781

6.967

7.181

(20.235)

(20.365)

(7.582)

(7.761)

ln(Average length of stay)

-0.3

-0.233

(0.225)

(0.215)

Hansen J statistic (p value)

-

1.60 (0.21)

-

1.85 (0.17)

Weakiv (F statistic)

-

27.71

-

32.71

Kleibergen-Paap rk LM (p value)

-

8.09 (0.017)

-

7.07 (0.029)