Table 1 Study summary
Characteristics | Total number of studies (n = 18) | % of total studies |
|---|---|---|
Study theme | ||
  Hospital price transparency | 11 | 61.1 |
  Hospital quality transparency | 7 | 38.9 |
Study designs | ||
  RCT | 2 | 11.1 |
  Quasi-experimental | 13 | 72.2 |
  Association analysis | 3 | 16.7 |
Transparency programs | ||
  Government-initiated programs | 8 | 44.4 |
  Private insurers-initiated programs | 7 | 38.9 |
  Programs designed and intervened by researchers | 3 | 16.7 |
Outcomes | Â | Â |
  The price of healthcare services and procedures | 10 | 55.6 |
  The payment of patients | 5 | 27.8 |
  The premium of health insurance plan | 3 | 16.7 |
Study country | ||
  US | 16 | 88.9 |
  Japan | 1 | 5.56 |
  China | 1 | 5.56 |
Publication periods | ||
  prior to 2015 | 3 | 16.7 |
  2016 to 2020 | 14 | 77.8 |
  2021 to present | 1 | 5.56 |