Quantile regression (GHS index) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VARIABLES | OLS | 10th Percentile | 25th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 75th Percentile | 90th Percentile |
Year (Pre-pandemic, 2019 = reference) | ||||||
Pandemic (2021) | −2.910*** | −3.633*** | − 3.557*** | − 2.596*** | −1.953** | − 1.715* |
(0.734) | (1.383) | (0.945) | (0.801) | (0.884) | (0.995) | |
Doctors per 1000 persons | 0.00562 | −0.0189 | 0.0213 | 0.0527 | 0.0401 | − 0.0244 |
(0.0325) | (0.0825) | (0.0404) | (0.0655) | (0.0424) | (0.0427) | |
Nurses per 1000 persons | 0.0248 | 0.0102 | 0.00879 | 0.0439 | 0.0514 | −0.0109 |
(0.0357) | (0.113) | (0.0398) | (0.0522) | (0.0583) | (0.0393) | |
Beds per 1000 persons | −0.0342 | −0.0119 | − 0.000324 | −0.0734* | − 0.0774 | 0.0114 |
(0.0327) | (0.121) | (0.0396) | (0.0435) | (0.0530) | (0.0409) | |
Supply chain capacity | 0.231*** | 0.170*** | 0.230*** | 0.193*** | 0.268*** | 0.275*** |
(0.0203) | (0.0332) | (0.0265) | (0.0262) | (0.0360) | (0.0279) | |
Govt health spending % public spending | 0.0900*** | 0.0932 | 0.105*** | 0.109** | 0.109*** | 0.0848*** |
(0.0294) | (0.0829) | (0.0353) | (0.0425) | (0.0348) | (0.0251) | |
Governance effectiveness | 0.138*** | 0.142*** | 0.1000*** | 0.116*** | 0.133*** | 0.214*** |
(0.0281) | (0.0452) | (0.0345) | (0.0335) | (0.0416) | (0.0377) | |
Communication infrastructure capacity | 0.0549* | 0.0576 | 0.0942** | 0.0719** | −0.0135 | −0.000723 |
(0.3090) | (0.0649) | (0.0419) | (0.0351) | (0.0550) | (0.0355) | |
Human development index (HDI) | 4.821** | 2.740 | 3.137 | 6.715** | 5.849 | 3.783 |
(2.068) | (4.462) | (2.454) | (2.709) | (4.355) | (4.261) | |
Social development goals (SDGs) | 0.147*** | 0.119*** | 0.111*** | 0.127*** | 0.143*** | 0.166*** |
(0.0190) | (0.0415) | (0.0224) | (0.0209) | (0.0229) | (0.0229) | |
World Bank Development level (Low-income = reference) | ||||||
High-income | −0.512 | −1.808 | −2.286* | −2.273* | 0.759 | 1.868 |
(1.020) | (1.490) | (1.224) | (1.259) | (1.395) | (1.940) | |
Constant | 11.52*** | 9.306*** | 10.14*** | 11.92*** | 17.18*** | 17.41*** |
(1.600) | (3.109) | (1.997) | (2.168) | (2.924) | (1.620) | |
Observations | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 | 390 |
R-squared | 0.779 | 0.768 | 0.771 | 0.772 | 0.772 | 0.769 |