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Table 1 Socio economic characteristics

From: Out- Of- Pocket health expenditure and household consumption patterns in Benin: Is there a crowding out effect?

Variable

Obs

Mean

Std.dev

Min

Max

Age

14,952

47.105

14.993

16

100

Contributed to income

14,867

1.587

1.265

0

99

Categorical Variables

Freq

Percent (%)

Exposure to shocks

No

8353

56.00

Yes

6564

44.00

Nature of the shock

Covariate shock

4209

64.12

Idiosyncratic health shock

2355

35.88

The shock Reduced Income

No

360

5.53

Yes

6153

94.47

Recovered from shock

No

2181

33.49

Partially

3624

55.64

Entirely

630

9.67

Social Assistance

  

No

13,848

92.62

Yes

1104

7.38

Poverty status

Poor

5281

35.32

Non-poor

9671

64.68

Residence

Rural

8096

54.15

Urban

6856

45.85

Gender

Female

3020

20.20

Male

11,932

79.80

Marital status

Single

568

3.80

Married

12,339

82.52

Divorced

480

3.21

Widow

1565

10.47

Household composition

Presence of child

12,346

82.6

Presence of older

3611

24.2

Presence of child and older

2410

16.1

Education

Uneducated

7659

51.22

Primary

3880

25.95

Secondary

2548

17.04

Superior

885

5.78

  1. Source: Authors, 2023