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Table 2 Risk preferences as an enrollment-status determinant: Model 1. Logistic regressions (insured vs uninsured)a

From: The role of risk preferences: voluntary health insurance in rural Tanzania

Base outcome = Insured

Benchmark model 1

(Kagaigai et al., 2021) [34]

Model 1:RP4

Model 1:RP2

 

OR (95% CI)

P>z

OR (95% CI)

P>z

OR (95% CI)

P>z

Risk aversion

 RP4

(Weak = 1)

RP2

(Low =1)

      

Moderate=2

High = 2

-

-

0.53 (0.19-1.45)

0.22

2.18 (1.38-3.46)

0.00***

Medium=3

 

-

-

1.22 (0.58-2.53)

0.60

-

-

Strong = 4

 

-

-

1.96 (1.17-3.28)

0.01***

-

-

Control variables

Socio-demographic variables

  Age (60+ = 1)

   40-59

0.57 (0.33-0.97)

0.04**

0.52 (0.30-0.89)

0.02**

0.53 (0.30-0.91)

0.02**

   26-39

0.46 (0.26-0.82)

0.01**

0.44 (0.24-0.78)

0.01**

0.44 (0.24-0.79)

0.01**

   18-25

0.58 (0.24-1.44)

0.24

0.55 (0.22-1.36)

0.20

0.53 (0.21-1.33)

0.18

  Income5 (1,000,000+ = 1)

   0 - 49,990

0.68 (0.14-3.43)

0.64

0.27 (0.06-1.21)

0.09*

0.26 (0.06-1.13)

0.07*

   50,000 - 99,990

0.48 (0.12-2.00)

0.31

0.37 (0.08-1.65)

0.19

0.35 (0.08-1.53)

0.16

   100,000 - 499,990

0.36 (0.08-1.52)

0.16

0.49 (0.11-2.13)

0.34

0.47 (0.11-2.01)

0.31

   500,000 - 999,990

0.27 (0.06-1.14)

0.08*

0.72 (0.14-3.75)

0.70

0.69 (0.14-3.53)

0.66

  Gender (female = 1)

   Male

0.75 (0.51-1.10)

0.15

0.75(0.51-1.11)

0.15

0.75 (0.51-1.10)

0.14

  Education (Secondary + =1)

   Primary education

1.03 (0.55-1.91)

0.93

1.03 (0.55-1.93)

0.93

1.01 (0.54-1.89)

0.97

   No formal education

1.27 (0.59-2.70)

0.54

1.22 (0.57-2.62)

0.62

1.21 (0.56-2.59)

0.63

  Household size (>10 = 1)

   7-9

0.76 (0.30-1.93)

0.56

0.81(0.32-2.03)

0.65

0.81 (0.32-2.03)

0.65

   4-6

0.74 (0.30-1.81)

0.51

0.84 (0.34-2.05)

0.70

0.84 (0.35-2.05)

0.71

   ≤3

0.68 (0.26-1.74)

0.42

0.75 (0.29-1.91)

0.55

0.75 (0.29-1.90)

0.54

  Marital status (unmarried = 1)

   Married

1.17 (0.76-1.80)

0.49

1.17 (0.75-1.82)

0.49

1.18 (0.76-1.83)

0.46

  Occupation (non-farmers = 1)

   Farmers

0.95 (0.63-1.44)

0.82

1.20 (0.35-4.10)

0.77

1.25 (0.37-4.25)

0.73

  Religion (Muslim = 1)

   Christian

1.12 (0.68-1.86)

0.66

1.13 (0.68-1.88)

0.63

1.13 (0.68-1.87)

0.65

Perception factors

  Quality P1

1.28 (1.10-1.49)

0.00***

1.32 (1.13-1.54)

0.00***

1.31 (1.12-1.53)

0.00***

  Preferences P2

0.61 (0.52-0.72)

0.00***

0.60 (0.50-0.71)

0.00***

0.60 (0.51-0.71)

0.00***

  Convenience P3

1.40 (1.17-1.68)

0.00***

1.44 (1.21-1.73)

0.00***

1.44 (1.20-1.72)

0.00***

  Understanding P4

0.83 (0.72-0.96)

0.01**

0.81 (0.70-0.94)

0.01**

0.82 (0.71-0.94)

0.01**

  Recommendation P5

0.83 (0.73-0.93)

0.00***

0.81 (0.72-0.92)

0.00***

0.81 (0.72-0.92)

0.00***

  Knowledge P6

1.39 (1.19-1.62)

0.00***

1.38 (1.19-1.61)

0.00***

1.37 (1.18-1.60)

0.00***

  Awareness P7

1.08 (0.93-1.24)

0.32

1.06 (0.92-1.23)

0.39

1.06 (0.92-1.22)

0.44

  1. a***, ** and * denote significance levels (p-value) at 1%, 5% and 10% respectively