Table 3 Risk preferences as an enrollment-status determinant: Model 2. Multinomial logistic regressions (never insured vs. currently insured) ^a

Base outcome (currently insured)

 Risk aversion

  RP4 (Strong = 1)

RP2 (High = 1)

  Medium = 2

Low = 2

0.99 (0.48–2.03)

0.990

3.03 (0,79–11.57)

0.098*

  Moderate = 3

3.74 (1.52–9.22)

0.004***

  Weak = 4

2.88 (0.89–9.27)

0.077*

Control variables

 Socio-demographic variables

  Age (40–59 years = 1)

   18–25

2.33 (1.49–3.65)

0.000***

2.47 (2.04–2.99)

0.000***

2.49 (1.87–3.31)

0.000***

   26–39

1.64 (0.50–5.40)

0.418

1.57 (0.51–4.88)

0.433

1.55 (0.49–4.84)

0.448

   60 + 

0.82 (0.56–1.21)

0.323

0.74 (0.54–1.01)

0.056*

0.75 (0.54–1,04)

0.085*

  Income3 (Low = 1)

   Medium

0.77 (0.22–2.67)

0.684

0.85 (0.31–2.31)

0.753

0.84 (0.32–2.20)

0.727

   High

0.57 (0.11–2.85)

0.495

0.72 (0.19–2.63)

0.621

0.72 (0.19–2.59)

0.613

  Gender (Male = 1)

   Female

0.52 (0.30–0.89)

0.018**

0.51 (0.30–0.85)

0.009**

0.51 (0.31–0.85)

0.010**

  Education (no formal edu = 1)

   Primary education

0.84 (0.84–0.85)

0.000***

0.82 (0.81–0.84)

0.000***

0.82 (0.77–0.88)

0.000***

   Secondary educ. + 

0.72 (0.68–0.77)

0.000***

0.69 (0.55–0.86)

0.001***

0.68 (0.54–0.86)

0.001***

  Household size (1–3 = 1)

   4–6

1.02 (0.67–1.56)

0.926

0.96 (0.63–1.46)

0.862

0.96 (0.67–1.39)

0.846

   7–9

0.85 (0.43–1.65)

0.622

0.86 (0.41–1.79)

0.682

0.86 (0.45–1.62)

0.632

   10 + 

0.74 (0.47–1.16)

0.184

0.87 (0.47–1.62)

0.654

0.71 (0.41–1.85)

0.708

  Marital status (unmarried = 1)

   Married

0.75 (0.49–1.14)

0.178

0.73 (0.47–1.12)

0.156

0.73 (0.47–1.15)

0.173

  Health-related variables

   EQ-5D

2.62 (0.23–0.45)

0.441

2.34 (0.17–33.12)

0.529

2.34 (0.18–30.78)

0.517

  Fear of sickness (No = 1)

   Yes

1.43 (0.41–4.96)

0.572

1.41 (0.44–4.47)

0.560

1.42 (0.45–4.52)

0.551

  Chronic diseases (No = 1)

   Yes

0.81 (0.69–0.95)

0.010***

0.82 (0.80–0.85)

0.000***

0.82 (0.77–0.87)

0.000***

  Perception variables

   Quality of care

0.68 (0.53–0.87)

0.003***

0.64 (0.47–0.88)

0.007***

0.64 (0.46–0.89)

0.009***

   Benefit-premium ratio

0.93 (0.85–1.01)

0.065*

0.93 (0.86–1.01)

0.066*

0.93 (0.87–0.99)

0.039**

   Premium affordability

0.89 (0.43–1.86)

0.766

0.89 (0.43–1.85)

0.765

0.89 (0.43–1.85)

0.766

   Scheme leader trust

0.47 (0.24–0.88)

0.020**

0.46 (0.27–0.79)

0.005***

0.46 (0.27–0.78)

0.004***

   Traditional healers

1.84 (1.19–2.84)

0.006***

1.96 (1.37–2.79)

0.000***

1.95 (1.39–2.73)

0.000***