Skip to main content

Table 2 Convergence and final club classification results

From: Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending

Sample

Countries

B^ Coeff

SE

t-stat

Panel A: Infant mortality rate log-t and club clustering test results

 Overall (40)

All the countries in the sample

-1.025a

0.004

-264.129

 Cub 1 (3)

Central African Republic | Nigeria | Sierra Leone

0.530

0.130

4.069

 Club 2 (3)

Benin | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Guinea

0.161

0.072

2.230

 Club 3 (5)

Botswana | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Mali | Mauritania

0.055

0.060

0.909

 Club 4 (6)

Angola | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Comoros | Guinea-Bissau | Togo

0.967

0.071

13.586

 Club 5 (8)

Burundi | Gambia, The | Madagascar | Namibia | Niger | Sudan | Eswatini | Zambia

0.214

0.048

4.488

 Club 6 (5)

Gabon | Ghana | Kenya | Tanzania | Uganda

1.078

0.089

12.109

 Club 7 (5)

Algeria | Mauritius | Rwanda | Senegal | South Africa

0.177

0.077

2.302

 Club 8 (3)

Cabo Verde | Morocco | Tunisia

1.001

0.167

6.000

 Non-convergent gr. (2)

Chad | Congo, Rep

-1.624a

0.025

-64.995

Panel A1: Club Merging results

 Club 1 + 2

 

-0.610a

0.032

-19.311

 Club 2 + 3

 

-0.089

0.048

-1.838

 Club 3 + 4

 

0.134

0.046

2.920

 Club 4 + 5

 

-0.342a

0.022

-15.493

 Club 5 + 6

 

-0.191a

0.016

-11.973

 Club 6 + 7

 

-0.164a

0.052

-3.175

 Club 7 + 8

 

-0.200a

0.039

-5.199

Panel A2: Final club classifications results

 Final club 1 (3)

Central African Republic | Nigeria | Sierra Leone

0.530

0.130

4.069

 Final club 2 (3)

Benin | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Guinea

0.161

0.072

2.230

 Final club 3 (11)

Angola | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Comoros | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Mali | Mauritania | Togo

0.134

0.046

2.920

 Final club 4 (8)

Burundi | Gambia, The | Madagascar | Namibia | Niger | Sudan | Eswatini | Zambia

0.214

0.048

4.488

 Final club 5 (5)

Gabon | Ghana | Kenya | Tanzania | Uganda

1.078

0.089

12.109

 Final club 6 (5)

Algeria | Mauritius | Rwanda | Senegal | South Africa

0.177

0.077

2.302

 Final club 7 (5)

Cabo Verde | Morocco | Tunisia

1.001

0.167

6.000

 Non-convergent gr. (2)

Chad | Congo, Rep

-1.624a

0.025

-64.995

Panel B: Under-5 mortality rate log-t and club clustering test results

 Overall (40)

All the countries in the sample

-1.004a

0.004

-255.300

 Cub 1 (5)

Central African Republic | Chad | Guinea | Nigeria | Sierra Leone

0.2224

0.082

2.711

 Club 2 (7)

Benin | Burkina Faso | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Mali | Mauritania

0.008

0.015

0.545

 Club 3 (7)

Angola | Cameroon | Comoros | Guinea-Bissau | Niger | Sudan | Togo

0.642

0.082

7.826

 Club 4 (9)

Botswana | Burundi | Gambia, The | Ghana | Madagascar | Namibia |

Eswatini | Tanzania | Zambia

0.348

0.086

4.036

 Club 5 (6)

Congo, Rep. | Gabon | Kenya | Rwanda | Senegal | Uganda

0.393

0.220

1.791

 Club 6 (6)

Algeria | Cabo Verde | Mauritius | Morocco | South Africa | Tunisia

0.164

0.079

2.071

Panel B1: Club Merging results

 Club 1 + 2

 

-0.935a

0.014

-65.508

 Club 2 + 3

 

-0.221a

0.021

-10.553

 Club 3 + 4

 

-0.480a

0.026

-18.484

 Club 4 + 5

 

-0.323a

0.050

-6.491

 Club 5 + 6

 

-0.413a

0.028

-14.973

Panel B2: Final club classifications

 Final club 1 (5)

Central African Republic | Chad | Guinea | Nigeria | Sierra Leone

0.2224

0.082

2.711

 Final club 2 (7)

Benin | Burkina Faso | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Mali | Mauritania

0.008

0.015

0.545

 Final club 3 (7)

Angola | Cameroon | Comoros | Guinea-Bissau | Niger | Sudan | Togo

0.642

0.082

7.826

 Final club 4 (9)

Botswana | Burundi | Gambia, The | Ghana | Madagascar | Namibia | Eswatini | Tanzania | Zambia

0.348

0.086

4.036

 Final club 5 (6)

Congo, Rep. | Gabon | Kenya | Rwanda | Senegal | Uganda

0.393

0.220

1.791

 Final club 6 (6)

Algeria | Cabo Verde | Mauritius | Morocco | South Africa | Tunisia

0.164

0.079

2.071

Panel C: Life expectancy at birth log-t and club clustering test results

 Overall (40)

All the countries in the sample

-0.108a

0.034

-3.165

 Cub 1 (19)

Algeria | Angola | Botswana | Burundi | Congo, Rep. | Gabon | Kenya | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | Senegal | Sierra Leone | South Africa | Eswatini | Tanzania | Tunisia | Uganda | Zambia

0.321

0.068

4.690

 Club 2 (8)

Burkina Faso | Cabo Verde | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Guinea | Madagascar | Mali | Mauritius | Sudan

0.098

0.048

2.049

 Club 3 (13)

Benin | Cameroon | Central African Republic | Chad | Comoros | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gambia, The | Ghana | Guinea-Bissau | Mauritania | Nigeria | Togo

-0.050

0.054

-0.913

Panel C1: Club Merging results

 Club 1 + 2

 

0.293

0.061

4.852

 Club 2 + 3

 

-0.153a

0.043

-3.557

Panel C2: Final club classifications

 Final club 1 (27)

Algeria | Angola | Botswana | Burundi | Congo, Rep. | Gabon | Kenya | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | Senegal | Sierra Leone | South Africa | Eswatini | Tanzania | Tunisia | Uganda | Zambia | Burkina Faso | Cabo Verde | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Guinea | Madagascar | Mali | Mauritius | Sudan

0.293

0.061

4.852

 Final club 2 (13)

Benin | Cameroon | Central African Republic | Chad | Comoros | Cote d'Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gambia, The | Ghana | Guinea-Bissau | Mauritania | Nigeria | Togo

-0.050

0.054

-0.913

  1. aindicates rejection of the null hypothesis of convergence and club convergence merging. SE Standard error. Panels A, B, and C present the convergence of results of infant, under-five mortality rates, and life expectancy at birth, respectively. The first rows provide the results of the full sample, while the other rows provide the results of the convergence clubs. Then, the results from the club merging results and final club classification are provided for each variable
  2. ^signifies the rejection of the null hypothesis of convergence, club merging, and final club classification
  3. Source: Authors’ computation using WDI data