Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending

Health Economics Review

Table 4 Ordered logit Results

Variables	(1) Infant mortality rate model	(2) Under-five mortality rate model	(3) Life expectancy at birth model
Variables	Coefficients (Std. Err.)	Coefficients (Std. Err.)	Coefficients (Std. Err.)
Log real GDP per capita	0.135 (0.153)	-0.285^b (0.131)	-0.422^b (0.204)
Log population below 15 year old	-2.043 (1.547)	-11.556^a (1.620)	-4.151^b (1.609)
Log population above 65 year old	1.418^c (0.737)	-1.886^b (0.771)	-3.133^a (0.706)
Log urban population	-0.481^b (0.212)	-0.182 (0.185)	2.667^a (0.377)
Log external health expenditure	-3.555^b (1.615)	-2.877 (1.930)	1.581 (1.599)
Log trade	0.085 (0.165)	0.414^a (0.097)	-0.912^a (0.231)
Log people using at least basic sanitation service	1.172^a (0.159)	0.783^a (0.144)	-0.886^a (0.214)
Log domestic general government health expenditure	1.324^a (0.159)	1.044^a (0.163)	-1.060^a (0.215)
Log measles immunization	1.143 (0.801)	0.212 (0.785)	-0.279 (0.870)
Log DPT immunization	2.395^b (0.755)	2.753^a (0.833)	-1.352^c (0.813)
Number of obs	787	787	787
Wald chi2(10)	643.770	623.960	175.25
Prob > chi2	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Pseudo R2	0.244	0.276	0.232
Log pseudolikelihood	-1153.0021	-1011.3771	-378.989

^a, ^b, and ^c represent statistical significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. The standard errors are in parentheses. The first column presents the independent variables considered. The Second column presents the ordered logit results for the infant mortality rate model, the third column provides the under-five mortality rate model results, and the fourth column provides the results for the life expectancy model. Source: Authors’ computations

ISSN: 2191-1991