From: Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending
Variables | Clubs | Infant mortality rate | Under-5 mortality rate | Life expectancy at birth |
---|---|---|---|---|
Log real GDP per capita | Final club 1 | -0.093a (0.018) | -0.083a (0.021) | 0.068b (0.032) |
Final club 2 | -0.068a (0.011) | 0.044 (0.033) | -0.068b (0.032) | |
Final club 3 | 0.075c (0.041) | 0.040 (0.029) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 0.064c (0.034) | -0.029 (0.030) | Â | |
Final club 5 | 0.321a (0.044) | 0.029 (0.032) | Â | |
Final club 6 | -0.000a (0.000) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.064b (0.020) | Â | Â | |
Log population below 15Â year old | Final club 1 | -1.099a (0.173) | -0.428b (0.210) | 0.666b (0.247) |
Final club 2 | 1.052a (0.185) | 1.039a (0.319) | -0.666b (0.247) | |
Final club 3 | -1.250a (0.336) | 0.1221 (0.333) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 1.220a (0.251) | 0.250 (0.243) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.217 (0.254) | -0.983a (0.299) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.095 (0.076) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000 (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | 0.200 (0.299) | Â | Â | |
Log population above 65Â year old | Final club 1 | -0.190a (0.055) | 0.148b (0.071) | 0.502a (0.107) |
Final club 2 | 0.472 (0.050) | 0.419a (0.107) | -0.502a (0.107) | |
Final club 3 | -0.156c (0.091) | -0.184b (0.092) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 0.170b (0.077) | -0.036 (0.079) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.447a (0.075) | -0.346b (0.139) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.557a (0.079) | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.405a (0.063) | Â | Â | |
Log urban population | Final club 1 | 0.175a (0.033) | 0.035 (0.030) | -0.427a (0.054) |
Final club 2 | 0.140a (0.040) | -0.007 (0.038) | 0.427a (0.054) | |
Final club 3 | -0.250a (0.059) | 0.052 (0.042) | Â | |
Final club 4 | -0.151a (0.037) | 0.031 (0.037) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.144a (0.032) | -0.110a (0.031) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.096a (0.020) | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | 0.135b (0.052) | Â | Â | |
Log external health expenditure | Final club 1 | 0.324b (0.133) | 0.543b (0.259) | -0.253 (0.256) |
Final club 2 | 0.027 (0.136) | 0.330 (0.402) | 0.253 (0.256) | |
Final club 3 | -0.308 (0.443) | -0.696b (0.303) | Â | |
Final club 4 | -0.087 (0.243) | 0.135 (0.212) | Â | |
Final club 5 | 0.002 (0.190) | -0.312 (0.253) | Â | |
Final club 6 | -0.033 (0.112) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | -0.000 (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | 0.077 (0.052) | Â | Â | |
Log trade | Final club 1 | -0.087a (0 0.013) | -0.040 (0.024) | 0.146a (0.036) |
Final club 2 | 0.003 (0.019) | 0.019 (0.033) | -0.146a (0.036) | |
Final club 3 | 0.075b (0.036) | -0.184a (0.032) | Â | |
Final club 4 | -0.027 (0.020) | 0.183a (0.032) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.080a (0.015) | 0.021 (0.031) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.024c (0.013) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | 0.093a (0.016) | Â | Â | |
Log people using at least basic sanitation service | Final club 1 | -0.031c (0.018) | -0.011 (0.015) | 0.142a (0.033) |
Final club 2 | -0.077a (0.015) | -0.019 (0.025) | -0.142a (0.033) | |
Final club 3 | 0.072c (0.043) | -0.072a (0.022) | Â | |
Final club 4 | -0.099b (0.039) | -0.004 (0.023) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.217a (0.027) | 0.105a (0.027) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.442a (0.069) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.092a (0.023) | Â | Â | |
Log measles immunization | Final club 1 | 0.098b (0.048) | -0.037 (0.053) | 0.045 (0.140) |
Final club 2 | -0.092b (0.037) | -0.006 (0.099) | -0.045 (0.140) | |
Final club 3 | -0.094 (0.159) | -0.280b (0.116) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 0.059 (0.107) | 0.455a (0.113) | Â | |
Final club 5 | 0.349b (0.133) | -0.131 (0.130) | Â | |
Final club 6 | -0.283a (0.063) | -0.000 (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000b (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.036c (0.019) | Â | Â | |
Log DTP immunization | Final club 1 | -0.326a (0.048) | -0.307a (0.053) | 0.217* (0.129) |
Final club 2 | 0.059 (0.038) | 0.038 (0.111) | -0.217* (0.129) | |
Final club 3 | 0.082 (0.163) | 0.093 (0.116) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 0.228c (0.120) | 0.331b (0.121) | Â | |
Final club 5 | -0.168 (0.130) | -0.156 (0.148) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.175b (0.055) | 0.000 (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | 0.000 (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.050b (0.025) | Â | Â | |
Log domestic general government health expenditure | Final club 1 | -0.005 (0.009) | -0.040b (0.015) | 0.170a (0.032) |
Final club 2 | -0.099a (0.010) | -0.180a (0.021) | -0.170a (0.032) | |
Final club 3 | -0.188a (0.027) | -0.064b (0.025) | Â | |
Final club 4 | 0.294a (0.026) | 0.313a (0.028) | Â | |
Final club 5 | 0.029 (0.019) | -0.030 (0.026) | Â | |
Final club 6 | 0.006 (0.009) | -0.000b (0.000) | Â | |
Final club 7 | -0.000 (0.000) | Â | Â | |
Divergent gr | -0.037a (0.010) | Â | Â | |
No. of observation | Â | 787 | 787 | 787 |
P -Values | Â | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |