Table 3 Out-of-pocket expenditure on community healthcare services among CVD decedents, OLS regression model (dependent variable: ln (out-of-pocket expenditure)

Male

-0.001

(0.10)

(-0.196, 0.195)

-0.025

(0.09)

(-0.198, 0.147)

Age

0.006

(0.01)

(-0.005, 0.016)

0.007

(0.00)

(-0.003, 0.016)

Living alone

0.013

(-0.184, 0.210)

0.021

(-0.152, 0.194)

(0.10)

(0.09)

Education

0.005

(0.01)

(-0.014, 0.024)

-0.003

(0.01)

(-0.021, 0.015)

Economic capacity (1 = with great difficulty, 4 = easily)

-0.124**

(0.04)

(-0.208, -0.040)

0.069

(0.04)

(-0.015, 0.153)

Health insurance

(1 = yes, 0 = no)

-0.012

(0.02)

(-0.058, 0.035)

0.014

(0.02)

(-0.031, 0.059)

How long ill before death

0.140***

(0.03)

(0.076, 0.204)

0.156***

(0.03)

(0.099,

0.213)

Informal caregiving (1 = yes, 0 = no)

-0.381

(0.22)

(-0.816, 0.054)

-0.293

(0.25)

(-0.779, 0.192)

Austria

0.956***

(0.21)

(0.544, 1.368)

1.006***

(0.24)

(0.532, 1.480)

Germany

1.029***

(0.22)

(0.593, 1.464)

1.057***

(0.23)

(0.611, 1.502)

Spain

0.175

(0.20)

(-0.211, 0.561)

0.183

(0.20)

(-0.215, 0.581)

Italy

1.543***

(0.19)

(1.164, 1.923)

1.656***

(0.20)

(1.262, 2.049)

France

Ref

Ref

Greece

1.414***

(0.19)

(1.034, 1.795)

1.560***

(0.20)

(1.158, 1.962)

Israel

1.213***

(0.21)

(0.795, 1.630)

1.232***

(0.22)

(0.792, 1.672)

Constant

5.161***

(0.52)

(4.133, 6.194)

4.268***

(0.18)

(3.922, 4.614)

3.362***

(0.53)

(2.323, 4.401)

N

701

741

701

Adj. R²

0.0301

0.2061

0.2526