Table 1 Descriptive statistics of dependent and explanatory variables (N = 2846)

Panel A: Outcome variable

 Facility-based delivery care

2,443

85.8%

Panel B: Demand-side factors

 Maternal age (in years)

2,846

26.4 [6.6]

 Education level (= 1 if no formal education)

565

19.9%

 Education level (= 1 if some primary)

229

8.1%

 Education level (= 1 if primary/ some secondary)

1,844

64.8%

 Education level (= 1 if secondary/ above)

208

7.3%

 Occupation status (= 1 if formal sector worker)

55

1.9%

 Occupation status (= 1 if farmer)

1,435

50.4%

 Occupation status (= 1 if self-employed business)

589

20.7%

 Occupation status (= 1 if other)

767

26.9%

 Religion (= 1 if Muslim)

2,167

76.1%

 Religion (= 1 if non-Muslim)

679

23.9%

 Woman with parity 1 (first birth)

913

32.1%

 Household wealth status (= 1 if poorest Tercile)

956

33.6%

 Household wealth status (= 1 if middle Tercile)

954

33.5%

 Household wealth status (= 1 if least poor Tercile)

936

32.9%

 Women with a health insurance

241

8.5%

 Women with at least four antenatal care visits

1,919

67.4%

Panel C: Supply-side factors

 Availability of utilities (= 1 if water & electricity available)

1,525

53.6%

 Facility outreach services (= 1 if conducted in last 90 days)

2,174

76.4%

 Facility location (= 1 if rural district)

2,329

81.8%

 Facility level of care (= 1 if dispensary)

1,980

69.6%

 Facility ownership (= 1 if public owned)

2,376

83.5%

 Number of maternity beds [SD]

2,846

3.5 [4.5]

 Number of medical staff (clinicians, nurses, paramedics)

2,846

15.6 [30.4]

 Facility average waiting time (minutes)

2,846

44.2 [29.3]

 Facility average consultation time (minutes)

2,846

12.9 [5.2]

 Patients’ travel time from home to facility (minutes)

2,846

30.1 [15.6]

 Availability of delivery drugs (oxytocic)(index)

2,846

0.44 [0.27]

 Facility average score in interpersonal quality

2,846

0.79 [0.11]

 Facility status of charging fee for delivery care

2,846

0.21 [0.19]