Universal health coverage in the context of population ageing: catastrophic health expenditure and unmet need for healthcare

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Household-level				Individual-level
	N	% or mean	SD		N	% or mean	SD
CHE10	65,564	9.8%		Unmet healthcare need	34,782	7.6%
CHE25	65,564	1.7%		SRH: Very bad or bad	34,782	19.8%
Total health expenditure (% of total consumption)	65,564	4.4%	0.06	Age of respondents	34,782	54.86	13.57
Food expenditure (% of total consumption)	65,528	29.4%	0.13	Sex of respondents: Female	34,782	53.1%
Culture and recreation expenditure (% of total consumption)	65,564	4.3%	0.07	Education (respondents): Bachelor+	34,782	25.0%
Social relationships expenditure (% of total consumption)	65,564	11.1%	0.09	Respondents being employed	34,782	67.1%
Education expenditure (% of total consumption)	65,564	1.9%	0.04	Marital status: Single	34,782	24.1%
65 + member living in a household	65,564	31.4%		Current smoker	34,782	19.8%
Equivalised household income (10,000JPY)	65,564	397.89	281.43	Current alcohol consumption	34,782	39.5%
Equivalised household savings (10,000JPY)	65,564	555.76	984.72	Days of exercise per week	34,782	0.98	1.76
Age of household head	65,560	52.86	14.38
Education (household head): Bachelor+	65,564	33.9%
Household head being employed	65,564	78.7%
House ownership	65,564	80.3%
N of household members	65,564	3.18	1.40

Note: SD stands for standard deviation; CHE10 and CHE25 denote catastrophic health expenditure at 10% and 25% thresholds, respectively; Expenditure for food, culture/recreation, and social relationships are equalised by household size; For household- and individual-level variables, descriptive statistics are calculated based on observations in Tables 2 and 4, respectively.

ISSN: 2191-1991